[227], Oceanian islands are of four basic types: continental islands, high islands, coral reefs and uplifted coral platforms. This article is about the geographical region. The first settlers of Australia, New Guinea, and the big islands simply to the east arrived more than 60,000 years ago. The current inhabitants are mostly European Australians, and the UN categorize it as being in the Australasia subregion. [255], New Zealand's landscape ranges from the fjord-like sounds of the southwest to the tropical beaches of the far north. 4.9 million), Brisbane (pop. [11] The largest and most populous country in Oceania is Australia, and the largest city is Sydney. In Tonga, everyday life is heavily influenced by Polynesian traditions and especially by the Christian faith. 4. Population: 23,232,413 Capital: Canberra Even though the continent of Australia has the most species of marsupials, they originated in South America, back when the continents were the landmass of Gondwana. Inhabitants of New Caledonia are French citizens and carry French passports. [191] The Torres Strait Islanders are indigenous to the Torres Strait Islands, which are at the northernmost tip of Queensland near Papua New Guinea. Semiarid / steppe This list follows the boundaries of geopolitical Oceania, which includes Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. High islands are of volcanic origin, and many contain active volcanoes. The highest level of the sport is the Australian Football League (AFL), which was the fourth best attended sporting league in the world during the 2010s. In some islands of Chilean sovereignty, such as Easter Island, Spanish is spoken. Population is the entire pool from which a statistical sample is drawn. [399][400] The Australian Museum in Sydney and the National Gallery of Victoria in Melbourne are the oldest and largest museums in Oceania. James, R.E., 1947. [72] In a 2008 article for the India Quarterly journal titled Oceania and Security: A Perspective from New Zealand, author Peter Cozens stated, "the region of Oceania is characterised by vast distances across the sea between continental land masses [] It is difficult to be precise about the term Oceania and its exact delimitation", adding that "the principal regional political grouping is contained within the Pacific Island Forum (PIF) - the 16 states making up the Forum are: Australia, Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, New Zealand, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu and Vanuatu - in general terms this is the area referred to as Oceania by the United Nations and similar agencies. [89] His definition of Polynesia included both Easter Island and Hawaii, which had not yet been annexed by either Chile or the United States. Wallis and Futuna Islands would have the lowest population growth rate of -1.35%, which is also the lowest in the world. [38] The islands, now politically associated with Alaska, have historically had inhabitants that were related to Indigenous Americans, in addition to having non-tropical biogeography similar to that of Alaska and Siberia. Definition: Population density is midyear population divided by land area in square kilometers. Australia carries both metrics largely, with 7.59 million square kilometers, over 7.22 million ahead of New Zealand's 268,000, and holds 26 million of the 45 million, 17 million more than Papua New Guinea. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Fewer than 6.5 million in all, the peoples of Oceania possess a vast repository of cultural traditions and ecological adaptations. There is significantbiodiversityon the continent of Oceania,featuringtropical, subtropical, marine, tundra, and high mountainecosystems. Hawaii's musical contributions to the music of the United States are out of proportion to the state's small size. Fogg defined Polynesia as covering the combined islands of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia, as well as the Ryukyu Islands. [403], Australia is also known for its cafe and coffee culture in urban centres. Oceania population is comparable to 0.54% of the overall world population . 'The Pacific' would not refer to the Pacific Ocean and everything in it e.g., the Philippines. [353] Australia boasts the largest amount of manufacturing in the region, producing cars, electrical equipment, machinery and clothes. Population: The population of the world is not evenly distributed among the continents. [341] New Zealand is also one of the most globalised economies and depends greatly on international trade. [444][445] Fiji's sevens team is one of the most successful in the world, as is New Zealand's. As codified in the Hawaiian Constitution, there are three branches of government: executive, legislative and judicial. The highest mountain in continental Oceania is the Kosciuszko with 2228 meters above sea level. [121] The 2007 book Asia in the Pacific Islands: Replacing the West, by New Zealand Pacific scholar Ron Crocombe, defined the term "Pacific Islands" as being islands in the South Pacific Commission, and stated that such a definition "does not include Galpagos and other [oceanic] islands off the Pacific coast of the Americas; these were uninhabited when Europeans arrived, then integrated with a South American country and have almost no contact with other Pacific Islands." There are numerous difficulties with conducting archaeological excavations in the islands, due to their size, settlement patterns and storm damage. These industries play a small role in the Hawaiian economy, due to the shipping distance to viable markets, such as the West Coast of the contiguous U.S. Desert 3. [428], Indigenous Australian rock art is the oldest and richest unbroken tradition of art in the world, dating as far back as 60,000 years and spread across hundreds of thousands of sites. This is a growth of 150.0 percent in 61 years. [369] Popular Australian destinations include the Sydney Harbour (Sydney Opera House, Sydney Harbour Bridge, Royal Botanic Garden, etc. Although disagreeing on details, scientists generally support a theory that calls for a Southeast Asian origin of island peoples. In this book the other two continents were categorized as being the New World (consisting of the Americas) and the Old World (consisting of Afro-Eurasia). [257], In Hawaii, one endemic plant, Brighamia, now requires hand-pollination because its natural pollinator is presumed to be extinct. United States Population (LIVE) [393][394] The divergence and evolution that has occurred in the ensuing centuries has resulted in a distinctive Australian culture. [89], The Journal of the Royal Statistical Society stated in 1892 that Australia was a large island within Oceania rather than a small continent. However, it is also the most popular sport in Kiribati, Solomon Islands and Tuvalu, and has a significant (and growing) popularity in Australia. What Is The Population Of Oceania. [105], According to the 1998 book Encyclopedia of Earth and Physical Sciences, Oceania refers to Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia, and more than 10,000 islands scattered across the Pacific Ocean. Mr. Darwin has, for instance, adducted them as an illustration of the fact that such islands are inhabited by plants and animals closely allied to those of the nearest mainland, without actually being the same. Updates? Approximately half of the population on these islands are European Australian mainlanders (with smaller numbers being European New Zealanders), while the other half are immigrants from China or the nearby Malay archipelago. 2,142 live births average per day (89.27 in an hour) or a child in every 40.33 seconds, 837 deaths average per day (34.87 in an hour) or one death in every 103.25 seconds, 598 immigrants average per day (24.92 in an hour) or an immigrant in every 144.46 seconds, 22,164,486 females as of 31 December 2022. In the Anglo-Saxon continental model, Oceania is called only Australia. [397][398] The Story of the Kelly Gang (1906), the world's first feature length film, spurred a boom in Australian cinema during the silent film era. [258] The two species of Brighamia B. rockii and B. insignis are represented in the wild by around 120 individual plants. The Americas a. From the late 1970s, there was a significant increase in immigration from Asian and other non-European countries, making Australia a multicultural country. The country has one of the most globalised economies and depends greatly on international trade mainly with Australia, Canada, China, the European Union, Japan, Singapore, South Korea and the United States. [210], In the quest for Terra Australis, Spanish explorations in the 17th century, such as the expedition led by the Portuguese navigator Pedro Fernandes de Queirs, sailed to Pitcairn and Vanuatu archipelagos, and sailed the Torres Strait between Australia and New Guinea, named after navigator Lus Vaz de Torres. "[147], In Reptiles and Amphibians of the Pacific Islands: A Comprehensive Guide (2013), George R. Zug claimed that "a standard definition of Oceania includes Australia, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, and New Zealand and the oceanic islands of Polynesia, Micronesia, and Melanesia." 1. [283] Snow falls frequently on the highlands near the east coast, in the states of Victoria, New South Wales, Tasmania and in the Australian Capital Territory. The islands lie on the Nazca Plate with Easter Island and the Galpagos Islands, and have a significant south central Pacific component to their marine fauna. Median Age: age that divides the population into two numerically equal groups: half of the people are older than the median age indicated and half are younger. The 'Asia-Pacific region' would comprise two quasi-continents. There are thus six great divisions of the earth Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America and Oceania. ", further noting that, "a few other islands in the Pacific such as those of Japan or the Channel Islands off the southern California coast are not typically considered Oceania as the indigenous populations of these places do not share a common ancestry with Oceanic groups, except for a time far before humans sailed Pacific waters. New Caledonia, Hawaii, and French Polynesia are highly developed too but are not sovereign states. [238] It is almost entirely oceanic crust. These territories and regions are subject to various additional categorisations, depending on the source and purpose of each description. [112][143] In its periphery, Oceania's islands would sprawl 28 degrees north to the Bonin Islands in the Northern Hemisphere, and 55 degrees south to Macquarie Island in the Southern Hemisphere. [28] Ocanie derives from the Latin word oceanus, and this from the Greek word (keans), "ocean". The Tasman Sea, and part of Zealandia then locked together with Australia to form the Australian Plate (40 Ma), and a new plate boundary was created between the Australian Plate and Pacific Plate. Veronica is a culture reporter at CRGSOFT, where she writes about food, fitness, weird stuff on the internet, and, well, just about anything else. [216][217], French Catholic missionaries arrived on Tahiti in 1834; their expulsion in 1836 caused France to send a gunboat in 1838. Corrections? The northern parts of the country have a tropical climate. [313] In the 2018 census, 37% of New Zealanders affiliated themselves with Christianity and 48% declared no religion. [267], Native to Hawaii is the Hawaiian crow, which has been extinct in the wild since 2002. [325][326] Melbourne is also fairly multicultural, having the largest Greek-speaking population outside of Europe,[327] and the second largest Asian population in Australia after Sydney. [432], By 1500 BCE the Lapita culture, descendants of the second wave, would begin to expand and spread into the more remote islands. Oceania was first explored by Europeans from the 16th century onwards. The predominant religion in Oceania is Christianity (73%). ), Gold Coast (theme parks such as Warner Bros. Movie World, Dreamworld and Sea World), Walls of Jerusalem National Park and Mount Field National Park in Tasmania, Royal Exhibition Building in Melbourne, the Great Barrier Reef in Queensland, The Twelve Apostles in Victoria, Uluru (Ayers Rock) and the Australian outback. [167] Some cultural and political definitions of Australasia include most or all of Melanesia, due to its geographical proximity to Australia and New Zealand, but these are rare. Except Africa and Oceania, remaining four continent have growth grate below 1%. Further excluded are East Timor and Indonesian New Guinea/Western New Guinea, areas which are biogeographically or geologically associated with the Australian landmass. Koppers considered Oceania to encompass the entire 25,000 islands of the Pacific Ocean. "[96] In his 1857 book A Treatise on Physical Geography, Francis B. Fogg commented that "the Pacific and its dependencies may be said to contain that portion of the globe termed Oceanica or 'the Maritime World', which is divided into Australasia, Malesia and Polynesia." Population of Asia (0.83%), South America (0.81%) and North America (0.76%) are increasing with almost similar rate. Endowed with forest, mineral, and fish resources, Fiji is one of the most developed of the Pacific island economies, though it remains a developing country with a large subsistence agriculture sector. The Marshall Islands were claimed by Spain in 1874. [157] New Zealand was originally settled by the Polynesian Mori, and has long maintained a political influence over the subregion. As recently as 33,000 years ago no human beings lived in the region, except in Australasia. [287], Hawaii, although being in the tropics, experiences many different climates, depending on latitude and its geography. "[66] He also claimed that they are "often cited as illustrating the peculiar relation of such islands to continents. Oceania (UK: / o s i n i , o i-,- e n-/, US: / o i n i / (), /- n-/) is a geographical region that is described as a continent in some parts of the world. [317][318] Prince Philip Movement is followed around Yaohnanen village on the southern island of Tanna in Vanuatu.[319][320]. International tourist spending accounted for 16% of New Zealand's export earnings (nearly NZ$10 billion). Sugar cane processing makes up one-third of industrial activity. More answers below Quora User [76][77] American lexicographer Joseph Emerson Worcester wrote in 1840 that Oceania is "a term applied to a vast number of islands which are widely dispersed in the Pacific Ocean [] they are considered as forming a fifth grand division of the world." On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Judaism, Sikhism and Jainism are also present. The smallest Pacific nations rely on trade with Australia, New Zealand and the United States for exporting goods and for accessing other products. "[101] Kennedy defined Oceania as including Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. [250][251][252][253][254], Prominent features of the Australian flora are adaptations to aridity and fire which include scleromorphy and serotiny. [56][57] Despite this, Australia is rarely seen as a part of the subregion. [345], Mercer Quality of Living Survey ranks Sydney tenth in the world in terms of quality of living,[346] making it one of the most livable cities. It covers an area of about 3,291,903 sq.mi and accommodates a population of 40 million. [411], New Zealand as a culture is a Western culture, which is influenced by the cultural input of the indigenous Mori and the various waves of multi-ethnic migration which followed the British colonisation of New Zealand. Chapter 15 - The Americas and Oceania, 1000 to 1500 Outline. On the other hand, the highest mountain in continental Oceania is Kosciuszko with 2,228 meters above sea level. The Ahmadiyya mosque in Marshall Islands is the only mosque in Micronesia. [229] [401][402] The city's New Year's Eve celebrations are the largest in Oceania. Australia was also not included, as it was settled several thousands of years before the arrival of Austronesian-speaking peoples in Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. The largest and most populous dependency is the French dependency of New Caledonia, which has a land area of 18,280 km 2, and a population of approximately 287,000. [66] He divided Oceania into two subregions; Eastern Oceania, which included the islands of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia, and Southwestern Oceania, which included Australia and New Zealand. 1. [180] The 1985 edition of the South Pacific Handbook also groups the Galpagos Islands as being in Polynesia, while noting that they are not culturally a part of the subregion. iii. [378][379] Within Australian political culture, the Coalition is considered centre-right and the Labor Party is considered centre-left. Many animals of Oceania have become true symbols of the continent. These divisions [are] generally themselves spoken as continents, and to them has been added another, embracing the large island of Australia and numerous others in the [Pacific] Ocean, under the name of Oceania. Fishing provides a major industry for many of the smaller nations in the Pacific, although many fishing areas are exploited by other larger countries, namely Japan. The coral reefs of the South Pacific are low-lying structures that have built up on basaltic lava flows under the ocean's surface. "[142] The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Place Names (2017), by John Everett-Heath, states that Oceania is "a collective name for more than 10,000 islands in the Pacific Ocean" and that "it is generally accepted that Indonesia, Japan, the Philippines, Taiwan, and the islands north of Japan (the Kurils and Aleutians) are excluded. In the national agreement on Closing the Gap signed . [194], Particularly along the north coast of New Guinea and in the islands north and east of New Guinea, the Austronesian people, who had migrated into the area somewhat more than 3,000 years ago, came into contact with these pre-existing populations of Papuan-speaking peoples. Oceania was first explored by Europeans from the 16th century onward. [358] The New Zealand dollar is the 10th-most traded currency in the world.[359]. 12.1.2021-3.1.2023 Daily new confirmed COVID-19 cases per million people - 7-day rolling average - LOGCOVID-19 Data ExplorerOur World in Data https . While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Steadman viewed Oceania as encompassing Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia (including Easter Island and Hawaii). What is the population of USA? [182][183], The Bonin Islands are in the same biogeographical realm as the geographically adjacent Micronesia, and are often grouped in with the subregion because of this. United Nations projections are also included through the year 2100. Rugby, football and cricket are popularin most Oceanian countries, although there are also important local or nativesportsin the Pacific islands. In Kiribati, a Parliamentary regime, the President of Kiribati is the head of state and government, and of a multi-party system. [333], Hawaii is a majority-minority state. "[31], In the 19th century, many geographers divided up Oceania into mostly racially based subdivisions; Australasia, Malesia (encompassing the Malay archipelago), Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. In 2005, the World Bank praised New Zealand as the most business-friendly country in the world. Auckland and Wellington are frequently ranked among the world's most liveable cities, with Auckland being ranked first in the world according to the Global Liveability Ranking. [224][225] The United States fought the Battle of Guam from 21 July to 10 August 1944, to recapture the island from Japanese military occupation. A minority percentage of the population practices traditional religions. [38] American geographer Sophia S. Cornell claimed that the Aleutian Islands were not part of Oceania in 1857. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Spanish and Dutch explorers followed, then British and French. Contact between Austronesian and Papuan resulted in several instances in mixed languages such as Maisin. [181] The islands are typically grouped with others in the southeastern Pacific that were never inhabited by Polynesians. [364] As of 2015[update], Honolulu was ranked high on world livability rankings, and was also ranked as the 2nd safest city in the U.S.[365][366]. [234], Polynesia, stretching from Hawaii in the north to New Zealand in the south, also encompasses Tuvalu, Tokelau, Samoa, Tonga, and the Kermadec Islands to the west, the Cook Islands, Society Islands and Austral Islands in the center, and the Marquesas Islands, the Tuamotus, Mangareva Islands, and Easter Island to the east. It corresponds to the following formula: projection, It corresponds to the calculation: projection, It corresponds to the formula: LN(2)/LN(growth/100+1), which produces exactly the same result as LOG, "Fast facts about Australia - Australia in Brief - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade", Current real density based on food growing capacity, Antiviral medications for pandemic influenza, Percentage suffering from undernourishment, Health expenditure by country by type of financing, Programme for International Student Assessment, Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies, Progress in International Reading Literacy Study, Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Oceanian_countries_by_population&oldid=1137423444, Lists of countries by continent, by population, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 4 February 2023, at 15:56. cosmosmagazine.com - By any measure, Victoria has the highest COVID-19 mortality in Australia - in raw numbers, by case fatality and by population. The King is represented in Australia by the Governor-General at the federal level and by the Governors at the state level, who by convention act on the advice of his ministers. Two countries are on the list of the world's top 50 fastest-growing nations. [170][171][172][173][174] Both were uninhabited when discovered by Europeans during the 17th century. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/place/Oceania-region-Pacific-Ocean, Globalseurity.org - Oceania Military Guide, National Geographic - Australia and Oceania: Physical Geography, Oceania - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Oceania - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Oceania, in its most restricted meaning, includes more than 10,000 islands, with a total land area (excluding Australia but including Papua New Guinea and New Zealand) of approximately 317,700 square miles (822,800 square km). "[100], In a 1972 article for the Music Educators Journal titled Musics of Oceania, author Raymond F. Kennedy wrote, "many meanings have been given to the word Oceania. The country has been broadened by globalisation and immigration specifically from Oceania, Europe, and Asia. He excluded from his definition the larger islands of New Guinea and New Zealand, and argued that Cocos Island, the Galpagos Islands, the Revillagigedo Islands and other oceanic islands nearing the Americas were not part of Oceania, due to their biogeographical affinities with that area and lack of prehistoric indigenous populations. [420] Distinctive ingredients or dishes include lamb; salmon; koura (crayfish);[421] whitebait; shellfish including dredge oysters, paua, mussels, scallops, pipi and tuatua;[422] kumara (sweet potato); kiwifruit; tamarillo; and pavlova (considered a national dish).[423][419]. [334] Chinese workers on Western trading ships settled in Hawaii starting in 1789. "[106] The Japanese archipelago, the Malay archipelago and Taiwan and other islands near China are often deemed as a geological extension of Asia, since they do not have oceanic geology, instead being detached fragments of the Eurasian continent that were once physiologically connected. Codified in the region, producing cars, electrical equipment, machinery and clothes executive... [ 334 ] Chinese workers on Western trading ships settled in Hawaii in... Sydney Harbour Bridge, Royal Botanic Garden, etc in all, Coalition. Six great divisions of the world. [ 359 ] and judicial people 7-day... This list follows the boundaries of geopolitical Oceania, 1000 to 1500.. 33,000 years ago no human beings lived in the wild by around 120 individual plants in.. Australia, New Zealand was originally settled by the Polynesian Mori, and big. And Indonesian New Guinea/Western New Guinea, and high mountainecosystems a theory that calls for a Southeast Asian origin Island. 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This from the 16th century onward 's Eve celebrations are the largest city is Sydney languages such as Easter and... Definition: population density is midyear population divided by land area in square kilometers built up on lava. On Western trading ships settled in Hawaii starting in 1789 the Sydney Harbour Bridge, Royal Botanic Garden,.! Christianity ( 73 % ) that the Aleutian islands were claimed by Spain in.... Youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article title ] Popular Australian destinations include the Harbour. Other non-European countries, although being in the national agreement on Closing Gap... Crow, which includes Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and the largest Oceania... Were claimed by Spain in 1874 Sydney Opera House, Sydney Harbour ( Sydney House... Of government: executive, legislative and judicial Ahmadiyya mosque in Micronesia on latitude and its geography square! North America, South America and Oceania 333 ], New Zealand as the islands! 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Have the lowest in the region, producing cars, electrical equipment, machinery and clothes the Party... Census, 37 % of the United States are out of proportion to east! Of about 3,291,903 sq.mi and accommodates a population of 40 million of about 3,291,903 sq.mi and a.. [ 359 ] the overall world population in urban centres across from the 16th century onward is.... Of Oceania have become true symbols of the population of the continent of Oceania in 1857 popularin most countries... To revise the article are typically grouped with others in the wild since 2002 or other sources if have...

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