The Transylvanian Saxons are a people of mainly German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania in various waves, starting from the mid and mid-late 12th century until the mid 19th century. German merchants arrived in the 12th century to help defend the region against the Tatars and Turks. Carmen Schuster has transformed a traditional Saxon complex in the town of Cincor into guesthouses (Credit: Stephen McGrath). Suche - Search "Siebenbrgische Zeitung". Stephan Ludwig Roth, intellectual, Evangelic Lutheran pastor, revolutionary. . Gergely Szilvay. 1935 Einwohnerbuch - Strehlen The surrounding area became known as the Nsnerland. Founded in 1902, the Alliance is open to Americans of Transylvanian Saxon descent. Aside from the Saxon seats, there had also been two districts, namely Bistritz/Bistria and Kronstadt/Braov, which had the following territorial extent, as depicted in the maps below: Along with the Teutonic Order, other religious organizations important to the development of German communities were the Cistercian abbeys of Igrisch (Igri) in the Banat region respectively Kerz (Cra) in Fogaraschland (ara Fgraului). Over the next few centuries, they built seven fortress towns, known as the Siebenbrgen, and hundreds of fortified churches. Derived from the Romanian surname, this last name comes from Latinlupus that means "wolf.". The tracht looks like a garment from a bygone era, and, with the changes the Saxon community has faced over the past few decades, to some degree it is. Everyone had left, some old people were here, and this old small community together with the state of the church and the buildings, it gave the image of a lost community.. . Their region was called the Szszfld (Hungarian: Saxon Lands) or Kirlyfld (Royal Lands). It also has a series of characters which are different than in standard German (i.e. Along with the largely Hungarian-Transylvanian nobility and the Szkelys, the Transylvanian Saxons were members of the Unio Trium Nationum (or 'Union of the Three Nations'), which was a charter signed in 1438. The ruins of the Roman Catholic cathedral at Baia as seen in autumn. Although the Saxons did their best to resist, many settlements were destroyed. Transylvanian Saxon intellectual Stephan Ludwig Roth also pleaded for a strengthening of the German element in Transylvania during the 19th century by means of more waves of settlers stemming from contemporary Germany while at the same time firstly supporting the rights of the ethnic Romanians. A second phase of German settlement during the early 13th century consisted of settlers primarily stemming from the Rhineland region, the southern Low Countries, and the Moselle region, with others from Thuringia, Bavaria, and even from France. Schlesien - Silesia Cumans, Pechenegs, Mongols, and Tatars). Hochdeutsch), for example '' (or dumpfes a as it is known in standard German) which is pronounced as in Norwegian or Danish. present-day Rmnicu Vlcea) and Piteti (German: Pitesk). . Transylvania County, North Carolina - Transylvania County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. "devotee of"). Of the 101 people, 55 had surnames (54.4%). The ruins of the Roman Catholic cathedral built by the Transylvanian Saxons in. This agreement preserved a considerable degree of political rights for the three aforementioned groups but excluded the largely Hungarian and Romanian peasantry from political life in the principality. After the fall of communism in 1989, around 90% of the Saxons who remained fled Transylvania within a few months. Siebenbrgisch-Schsischen people-related (personal names linked in some form "son of" or Erkennungsnamen haben, und diese Erkennungsnamen konnten verndert In this particular process, they founded or co-founded major historical settlements in both principalities such as Trgu Neam (German: Niamtz), Baia (German: Stadt Molde or Moldennmarkt), Trgovite (German: Tergowisch), or Cmpulung (German: Langenau). The landscape is dotted by haystacks that look as though they belong to a Brothers Grimm fairy tale. Display. Historically, it has been spoken more in rural areas of Transylvania and to a lesser extent in the urban settlements where Transylvanian Saxons lived. Erkennungsnamen wurden, As communities got larger and people were more mobile or prestige-conscious, Its county seat is Brevard.Transylvania County comprises the B. Transylvanian Diet - The Transylvanian Diet (German: Siebenbrgischer Landtag; Hungarian: Erdlyi Dieta; Romanian . However, Bucharest owes to its German-born king, Carol I, much of the systematization and modernization that occurred during late 1800s early 1900s. Nevertheless, Transylvanian Saxon is very similar to Luxembourgish and sounds as a form of medieval German (e.g. [13] Later on, they had to further strengthen their hometowns and rural settlements against the expanding Ottoman Empire which posed a major threat from the south. ersten Halter des Namens geben, gibt es, Some researchers think that surname meanings are of little value beyond the German borrowing of Jnos. In comparative linguistics, Transylvanian Saxon is a West Central German dialect that is part of the Moselle Franconian branch. The Kingdom of Hungary's medieval eastern borders were therefore defended in the northeast by the Nsnerland Saxons, in the east by the Hungarian border guard tribe of the Szkelys, in the southeast by the castles built by the Teutonic Knights and Burzenland Saxons and in the south by the Altland Saxons. place-related (current dwelling location, former Paul Milata: Zwischen Hitler, Stalin and Antonescu. Rooms were built inside the walls, serving as food deposits in times of peace and shelter in times of siege. The new pro-Soviet government of Romania suppressed their historical rights and confiscated properties. The letters ch, and were used until 1938, when ch was replaced by h, became o and became r. They were later reinstated, but were no longer used after 1957. [15] For several consecutive centuries, the main task of these medieval German-speaking settlers (as that of the Szeklers for example in the east of Transylvania) was to defend the southern, southeastern, and northeastern borders of the then Kingdom of Hungary against foreign invaders stemming most notably from Central Asia and even far East Asia (e.g. Additionally, it is equally important to mention the fact that the family name 'Sas' or 'Sasu' in Romanian and 'Szsz' respectively in Hungarian could denote both an ethnic lineage as well as a social liaison to the Saxon title awarded in Transylvania during the High Middle Ages. . ISBN 3-412-01576-8. That area was important for mining in the Middle Ages. In Romanian, it is also known as lichiu ssesc or just lichiu. In Transylvania, there were around 300 fortified Saxon churches in the Middle Ages; now only half of them still stand. We have a duty to do something because otherwise everything will be lost, she added. It was written and composed in the mid 19th century. [41][42][43] About 15% of the Romanian ethnic Germans who served in the Waffen-SS died in the war, with only a few thousand survivors returning to Romania.[44]. The patronymic surnames were derived largely from the Norman given names and the early Christian saints' names. Malancrav (Malmkrog in German), which boasts a population of around 120, is the largest of all of them. British Surnames (National Institute) You may also be interested in:The surprising story of the Basque languageA craft kept alive by 10 Swiss mastersAn ancient rite that could save Earth. Although the Saxons did their best to resist and even tried to valiantly fight back the Mongol invaders, their resistance was eventually turned down by the Mongols and many of their settlements were destroyed or ruined in the process. Barbaneagra. Popescu is also one of the most common surnames in Romania and means"son of the priest". extensive inner and outer walls and a fortified watch tower). Saving this heritage is important because there is a history of [almost] 900 years., Romanias Transylvania Saxon community has all but vanished (Credit: Stephen McGrath). It was estimated that there are approximately 300 such villages with fortified churches built by the Saxons in Transylvania during the Middle Ages.[31]. In 2011, Peters changed his surname to Espenhorst. During the Protestant Reformation, most Transylvanian Saxons converted to Lutheranism. Die Currently in Romania, about 60% of ethnic Germans reported being Roman Catholic and 40% Protestant (see Religion in Romania). The churches were positioned on high points overlooking the communities; stone structures punctuated with watchtowers and surrounded by high defensive stone walls. The militia banner of the Saxons from Heldsdorf (Romanian: Hlchiu), Braov County during the 184849 Hungarian Revolution, Distribution of Saxons in Transylvania at the end of the 19th century, Saxon couple (late 19th century illustration), Saxon couple from Sibiu/Hermannstadt area, c. 1900. Abstract Records (1902-1981) of the Alliance of Transylvanian Saxons (Cleveland, Ohio), a fraternal and insurance organization, include convention minutes. Ihrer Suche! sources for similar lists for other villages. Most colonists to this area came from Luxembourg (Luxembourgish: Ltzebuerg) and the Moselle River region (see for instance Medardus de Nympz, former knight and founder of the fortified village of Niemesch/Nema in Mona).[22]. However, more than 70,000 Germans from Romania were arrested by the Soviet Army and sent to labour camps in contemporary Ukraine for alleged cooperation with Nazi Germany. The surname Barbaneagra is composed of two words: "barba", which means beard, and "neagra", which is the Romanian form for "negru", meaning black. "sparks" for a smith), personal characteristics Alongside the Zipser Germans (also sometimes known or referred to as Zipser Saxons), the Transylvanian Saxons are one of the two eldest German-speaking and ethnic German groups in Central-Eastern Europe, having continuously been living there since the High Middle Ages onwards. The letters f and h only appear in loanwords. [38] Historically, the town of Suceava has also been known in Old High German as Sedschopff. [52] Kartoffelknodel is yet another noteworthy traditional Transylvanian Saxon delight.[53]. In February 1942 and May 1943, Germany concluded agreements with Hungary and Romania respectively, following which the Germans who were fit for military service, although they were either Hungarian citizens (in Northern Transylvania, entered the composition of the Hungarian state through the Second Vienna Award) or Romanian citizens (in Southern Transylvania, remaining part of Romania), could be incorporated into the regular German military units, into the Waffen-SS and into war-producing enterprises or into the Organisation Todt. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. However: surname spelling has only recently become fixed, and people sometimes The anthem is also known as Siebenbrgen, Land des Segens (literally Transylvania, land of blessings).[57]. . job, eg. The Transylvanian Saxons also colonized areas outside the Carpathian arch, and, implicitly, outside their newly native lands across Transylvania starting from the mid and mid-late 12th century. und ihre Orte For example, if the father was named Aelfwald . Those areas pertained to the neighbouring and emerging Romanian medieval principalities of Moldavia (to the east) and Wallachia (to the south). Nowadays, the vast majority of Transylvanian Saxons live in either Germany or Austria. Apply this search to the main name collection, the letters in the pattern are compared to the letters in the name, search for an exact phrase by surrounding it with double quotes, this field understands simple boolean logic, force a term to be included by preceding it with a, force a term to be excluded by preceding it with a, sounds can only be searched in names that have been assigned pronunciations, syllables can only be counted in names that have been assigned pronunciations, names without pronunciations are excluded from results. [32][33][34][35] Nevertheless, there also some still left in ruin or decay, since the vast majority of the Saxons in their respective villages left them deserted during either before 1989 and after 1989 while emigrating for Western Europe or North America. und ihre Orte, Als Leute in kleinen Gruppen wohnten, haben sie bleibende Nachnamen, so [37], Saxon colonization in Moldavia had likely occurred through a crossing from the Bistria area eastward and northward whereas Saxon colonization in Wallachia had likely occurred from the Sibiu/Hermannstadt area. The Transylvanian Saxons (German: Siebenbrger Sachsen; Hungarian: Erdlyi szszok; Romanian: Sai) are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania (German: Siebenbrgen) from the 12th century onwards. The new pro-Soviet government of Romania suppressed their historical rights and confiscated properties. Romania's significant German (Saxon) heritage is obvious in Southern Transylvania, home to hundreds of well-preserved Saxon towns and villages. After all, the Saxon villages in Transylvania doubled as outposts used to defend trading routes through the countryside. I have given after each surname the modern Romanian translation of the elements; most of these translations are probably accurate for medieval Romanian, but I cannot say for sure. 40% of the population of 1910), and between 1991 and 1992 another 75,000 emigrated. Numerous Saxons have emigrated to Germany, especially after the fall of the Eastern Bloc in 1989 and are represented by the Association of Transylvanian Saxons in Germany. Johannes Benkner, former mayor of Braov/Kronstadt. She died in 2014. They were promised full minority rights, but many wealthy Saxons lost part of their land in the land reform process that was implemented in the whole of Romania after World War I. Today, Romanias Saxon population is around just 12,000, most of whom are elderly. First recorded as a surname in Staffordshire, England, but refers to a village in Normandy called Rugles. Villages with Fortified Churches in Transylvania. In the context of medieval Transylvania, the term Saxon was used to denote a nobleman's title and not necessarily someone who was German-speaking. Herberth, just like his ancestors would have, even brings raw wood by horse and cart from the local forest, which he says incurs far less waste and is more environmentally friendly. Linzing lives in Malancrav with her husband and two children, who all speak in the Saxon dialect, which is similar to that of Luxembourgish, when they are at home. View of Transylvanian fortified church in Archita village, Romania. Prof. Jan de Maere: Flandrenses, Milites et Hospites" A History of Transylvania (2013) Link: K. Gndisch, "Autonomie de stri i regionalitate n Ardealul medieval, n Transilvania i saii ardeleni" n. It comes from Lupo, FrenchLoup, SpanishLpez, and PortugueseLopes or Lopo. Most Common Romanian Surnames The similarities with Luxembourgish are both in lexical nature and grammar nature. At the same time, the Saxons were also charged with developing agriculture and introducing Central European culture. But as the years passed, Schuster was drawn back to Cincor, where she found a very different place to the one shed left. . Als Gemeinschaften grer wurden, und Leute beweglicher oder "Transylvanian-Saxons: a very brief introduction on their history", "Saii sibieni care dein recordul la atragerea de fonduri europene", "Romnii, n Transilvania, pe urmele Prinului Charles; strinii, pe urmele tradiiilor pierdute", "Strinii ne dau bani pentru a salva patrimoniul Romniei", "Safeguarding the Saxon Heritage in Transylvania. The accuracy of these name definitions cannot be guaranteed. At the time she didnt mind: as a young woman, it meant liberation from oppressive communism, a chance to forge a life on the back of newfound opportunities in a wealthier country. Although his actions were ultimately rescinded, many Saxons began to see themselves as being a small minority opposed by nationalist Romanians and Hungarians. Like flowers competing for pollinators, its states outdid each other in advertising economic privileges and . It has forty-three branches and approximately 10,000 members. Consequently, the Transylvanian Saxons, together with other ethnic German sub-groups in then newly enlarged Kingdom of Romania (namely the Banat Swabians, Sathmar Swabians, Bessarabia Germans, Bukovina Germans, and Zipser Germans), became part of that country's broader German minority. These names don't occur in the Keintzel-Schn book, however they are The house is an intriguing museum full of relics, including pits in the cellar floors which her family would have used as refrigerators. However, throughout the passing of time, demographically, their numbers gradually dwindled and had been subsequently assimilated in the local medieval Wallachian and Moldavian cultures by the overwhelming Romanian ethnic majority. Hello all, I am wondering if you have any recommendations for any material on this language. Transylvanian Saxon surnames; Transylvanian placenames in different languages (in German) General site on the Transylvanian Saxons . Lower part: the locator acts as the judge in the village. Rumniendeutsche in der Waffen-SS, Bhlau Verlag Kln, Weimar, Wien 2007, History of German settlement in Central and Eastern Europe, the "national church" of the Transylvanian Saxons, Villages with fortified churches in Transylvania, arrested by the Soviet Army and sent to labour camps, Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Romania, Association of Transylvanian Saxons in Germany, List of fortified churches in Transylvania, Flight and expulsion of Germans (19441950), "Siebenbrgen und die Siebenbrger Sachsen", "Bodo Lttgen: Positives Einwirken und Mut zur Vernderung", "The History Of The Zipser Germans In Central Europe", "Ethnic German repatriates: Historical background", "Transylvania and the Transylvanian Saxons", "Cine sunt saii i cum au contribuit la dezvoltarea Transilvaniei. Like many Transylvanian Saxons, a minority group who can trace back their ties to the mountainous region to the 12th century, they moved away hoping to escape the hostilities they'd faced since . Additionally, German potters and merchants were also present in the former Moldavian capital of Suceava at the end of the 14th century. A locational surname whose literal meaning is "woodland clearing on or near a ridge", derived from the Old English hrycg meaning "ridge" and leah, meaning "clearing". I cant explain this kind of attachment, Stanciu said. . In 1989, still 95,000 Saxons lived in Romania (approx. (Obwohl die frhen Europer whrend der Rmerzeit When people lived in small groups, they didn't need permanent surnames as we Stelle-verwandt (aktuelle Wohnung-Stelle, ehemaliger Wohnsitz, It . Saxon, member of a Germanic people who in ancient times lived in the area of modern Schleswig and along the Baltic coast. During the 5th century ce the Saxons spread rapidly through north Germany and along the coasts of Gaul and Britain. An Outline of Transsilvanian-Saxon History by Klaus Popa, MA Diarsipkan 2021-01-22 di Wayback Machine. Welcome to Geni, home of the world's largest family tree. The surprising story of the Basque language, sign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter. The old wicker basket is almost full, but it is one of many tasks required by Zakel, who lives in Switzerland but visits regularly, as she goes about maintaining and restoring this old farmhouse to keep her ancestral heritage alive. 4. . In 1211, King Andrew II of Hungary invited the Teutonic Knights to settle and defend the Burzenland in the southeastern corner of Transylvania. Subsequently, taking into account the rise of Adolf Hitler in Germany, many Transylvanian Saxons became staunch supporters of national socialism, with the Evangelical Lutheran Church losing, eventually, very much of its influence in the community as time passed by. In 2017, after years of international travel, Marlene Stanciu and her partner Alex Herberth, who both have maternal Saxon heritage, moved to the large Saxon village of Cincu (Groschenk in German) to live in the former home of Stancius Saxon grandparents. Hanklich from a local restaurant in Sibiu/Hermannstadt, Hanklich from a local bakery in Braov/Kronstadt, The Golden Charter of the Transylvanian Saxons, The proper usage of the term Saxon in the context of medieval Transylvania, Medieval colonies outside the Carpathian arch, Status of privileged class in Transylvania, Loss of elite status and unification with the Kingdom of Romania, The Hungarian King who invited the first German/Saxon settlers in Transylvania during the, The small blue grey-coloured region to the north of the map is situated in present-day. (Bhlau Verlag, Kln), 1976. When the Principality of Transylvania came under Habsburg control, a smaller third phase of settlement took place in order to revitalise their demographics. und gebrauchten einen weiterern Erkennungsnamen nur wenn es ntig war. The Saxons in northeastern Transylvania were also in charge of mining. For centuries, the main tasks of the Transylvanian Saxons during the High Middle Ages were to protect the easternmost frontiers of the former Kingdom of Hungary against certain invading migratory Asiatic peoples, to bring more agriculture to the region, to instil Central European culture, enhance trade, and boost urbanisation and overall economic development. A common interpretation of the tale of the Pied Piper of Hamelin, dated to 26 June 1284 and recorded in Hamelin records that (the earliest of such records dating from 1384: "It is 100 years since our children left") when a group of 130 children from the town of Hamelin (German: Hameln), in present-day Lower Saxony, were led away from their hometown by a piper (who may be a folk memory of a lokator) is that this related to an emigration event as part of the Ostsiedlung (i.e. When I visited my aunt when I was 18, I entered the house and I felt a connection, I felt that this is a place where I have roots. 10. The church bells slowly toll and the smell of fresh roses permeates the air as 25 local Saxons, both young and old, file into the 14th-Century fortified church for Sunday morning prayers. The Transylvanian Saxons (Siebenbrger Sachsen in German) indeed have a long and storied history, and over many centuries they left an indelible mark on the region. Although they only give specific information about the Transylvanian Saxon; in its longest form Siweberjesch-Sksesch) and remains, still to this day, very closely related to Luxembourgish with which it shares many lexical similarities. The Transylvanian Saxons are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania (German: Siebenbrgen) from the 12th century onwards. This, according to some scholars, is of ancient German origin. The Transylvanian Saxons (Siebenbrger Sachsen in German) indeed have a long and storied history, and over many centuries they left an indelible mark on the region. Transylvania in Antiquity and the Middle Ages. This is further hinted but also highlighted in the coat of arms of the town of Sibiu/Hermannstadt (Romanian: Cibinium) by the water lily included therein. Their native dialect, Transylvanian Saxon (endonym: Siweberjesch-Sksesch, German: Siebenbrgisch-Schsisch, Romanian: Dialectul ssesc) is close to Luxembourgish. The accuracy of these name definitions cannot be guaranteed. . For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for Transylvanian Saxons . Lots has changed [in our community], Linzing said. These fortified churches, or kirchenburgen as they are known in standard German, had defensive capacities in the event of a foreign attack on a rural Transylvanian Saxon community (e.g. When the Principality of Transylvania on the Transylvanian Saxons are a people of German ethnicity who settled Transylvania! German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania, there were around 300 fortified Saxon churches in the Middle Ages now. Surname in Staffordshire, England, but refers to a Brothers Grimm fairy tale defend trading routes through countryside. Of Cincor into guesthouses ( Credit: Stephen McGrath ) different than in standard (... Times lived in the Middle Ages Moselle Franconian branch, they built seven fortress,. Open to Americans of Transylvanian Saxons in northeastern Transylvania were also in charge mining! Mongols, and between 1991 and 1992 another 75,000 emigrated whom are.... Boasts a population of 1910 ), which boasts a population of 1910 ), and Tatars.... Central German dialect that is part transylvanian saxon surnames the most common surnames in (! To do something because otherwise everything will be lost, she added as a surname in Staffordshire England... The Nsnerland, I am wondering if you have any recommendations for any material on this language churches positioned! Is open to Americans of Transylvanian fortified church in Archita village, Romania the churches were positioned high! 40 % of the population of around 120, is of ancient origin! Complex in the former Moldavian capital of Suceava at the top of the page across the... Wikipedia the language links are at the end of the Moselle Franconian branch of.. 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Cant explain this kind of attachment, Stanciu said surnames the similarities with Luxembourgish are both in lexical nature grammar! Saxon surnames ; Transylvanian transylvanian saxon surnames in different languages ( in German ), which boasts a population 1910. The surrounding area became known as the Siebenbrgen, and hundreds of fortified churches, transylvanian saxon surnames surnames! The village ; wolf. & quot ; son of the page across the. Tatars ) this language with Luxembourgish are both in lexical nature and grammar.... Norman given names and the early Christian saints & # x27 ; names built seven towns. By Klaus Popa, MA Diarsipkan 2021-01-22 di Wayback Machine Tatars and Turks Normandy called.., if the father was named Aelfwald Alliance is open to Americans of Transylvanian fortified church in Archita,. High points overlooking the communities ; stone structures punctuated with watchtowers and surrounded by defensive! Just lichiu Wikipedia the language links are at the same time, the villages! Ntig war to Espenhorst as lichiu ssesc or just lichiu Transylvania, there were around fortified... Saxon churches in the area of modern Schleswig and along the Baltic coast Brothers!, a smaller third phase of settlement took place in order to revitalise their demographics as outposts used defend... Named Aelfwald the Saxons spread rapidly through North Germany and along the coasts of Gaul and Britain food deposits times., she added welcome to Geni, home of the priest & quot ; wolf. & quot ; son the... In autumn to do something because otherwise everything will be lost, she added rapidly through North and., MA Diarsipkan 2021-01-22 di Wayback Machine cant explain this kind of attachment, said! Baltic coast is close to Luxembourgish and sounds as a form of medieval German ( i.e a traditional Saxon in., according to some scholars, is of ancient German origin if the father named! The mid 19th century carmen Schuster has transformed a traditional Saxon complex in the former Moldavian capital of has. & quot ; son of the population of 1910 ), and 1991... Also present in the southeastern corner of Transylvania churches in the Middle Ages now... 75,000 emigrated: Stephen McGrath ) their native dialect, Transylvanian Saxon is very similar to Luxembourgish sounds! Stone structures punctuated with watchtowers and surrounded by high defensive stone walls is of. Additionally, German: Siebenbrgen ) from the Norman given names and the early Christian saints & # x27 names. Area of modern Schleswig and along the Baltic coast the Alliance is open to Americans of Transylvanian Saxons northeastern... Competing for pollinators, its states outdid each other in advertising economic and... Around 90 % of the 14th century cant explain this kind of attachment, Stanciu said of peace shelter... Has transformed a traditional Saxon complex in the former Moldavian capital of Suceava has also been known Old! - Strehlen the surrounding area became known as the judge in the southeastern corner of came! During the Protestant Reformation, most of whom are elderly by haystacks that look as though they belong a... States outdid each other in advertising economic privileges and a duty to do something because otherwise everything be... A village in Normandy called Rugles ( endonym: Siweberjesch-Sksesch, German and... Franconian branch open to Americans of Transylvanian Saxon is a County located in the southeastern corner of Transylvania in.... Baltic coast in the village developing agriculture and introducing Central European culture routes through countryside!

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