The Legion tended to be very top-heavy, in that there was a disproportionate number of high-ranking officers to regular soldiers. With his permission, two units of the reorganized Nauvoo Legion were gainfully employed by the United States to protect western mail and telegraph lines from Indian attacks in what is today Utah and Wyoming, but saw no action. After the men were released from service in 1847, they headed for home, many stopping for temporary employment at Sutter's Fort. NAUVOO, Ill. — LDS Church members and friends marched in a procession down the Parley Street "Trail of Hope" on Feb. 4 to commemorate the pioneer exodus from Nauvoo in 1846. On July 4, 1837, "The 26-Star Flag" became the official flag of the United States. Interesting is an alternative, historical scenario: The Indian tribes end their antagonisms and annihilate the US Army, led by President Rutherford Hayes, on 30 May 1876. It, however, was not as cooperative in imposing the colonial regime as federal authorities would have liked. The one exception was Lieutenant General Smith, who declined to be an active participant in the battle. It was a miracle. Smith family tradition, however, only pushes it back as far as the Nauvoo Temple -- flying over the City of Joseph.--- Bishop J. H. Hale, 88-91, as cited in Glen M. Leonard, Nauvoo: A Place of Peace, a People of Promise (Salt Lake City; Deseret Book Company, 2002), 118. People carried flags that represented the countries that they came from. The 2nd Cavalry Regiment, also known as the 2nd Dragoons, is an active Stryker infantry and cavalry regiment of the United States Army.The Second Cavalry Regiment is a unit of the United States Army Europe, with its garrison at the Rose Barracks in Vilseck, Germany.It can trace its lineage back to the early part of the 19th century. History records more parades, drills, and mustering’s held in the weeks following Smith’s death than in the preceding two years. Curious guests lingered near the temple grounds hoping that artillery fire, sword exercises, and a sham battle would follow. They were led by a flag bearer and drummer boy followed by a contingent dressed as the Nauvoo Legion. Utah (/ ˈ juː t ɑː / YOO-tah, / ˈ juː t ɔː / YOO-taw) is a state in the Western United States.It is bordered by Colorado to the east, Wyoming to the northeast, Idaho to the north, Arizona to the south and Nevada to the west. But of the, Smith penned, “Highly delighted.”15, It was not until June 18, 1844, that General Smith moved from the sidelines to once again take command of a large parade and “with my staff rode in front of the Legion, marched up Main Street, and returned to our former parade ground.”  This was the last parade Joseph Smith would lead. And, faithfully, sustain us, in peace upon her land. It was carried to Salt Lake by the early party that occasionally used it as a speakers podium. They’ll find that she doth sanction, all that we, And, especially she’ll strengthen the “Legion of. Voter-conscious Illinois Democrats and Whigs (including Abraham Lincoln) passed a bipartisan city-state charter for Nauvoo in 1840. Major General Bennett, Brigadiers Law and Smith, the aides-de-camp, and invited guests followed close behind. The Federal government made a reconciliatory approach to Brigham Young, requesting his help. “We doubt whether the like was presented in any other city in the western country,” remarked General Smith.13, Other parades in 1842-1843 echoed the confidence of the May parade. Joseph Smith, History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 7 vols. And also legion members participated in the rescue of Joseph from the state Militia who had unlawfully arrested him after luring him to what was supposed to be a peaceful political debate and were going to hang him (citation needed). Nauvoo Legion Activities Incite Surrounding Militias The parades and other activities of the legion — which included mock battles — attracted visitors from near and far. Although its size, 5’x4′ was pretentious if not ostentatious, it was not size that caused the applauding crowd of eight thousand to pause. The soldiers did not carry weapons.18  Parading without arms was a deliberate attempt to put the governor on notice that his order to surrender three cannons and 220 small arms on June 24, 1844, had crippled them in fulfilling their role as a state-sanctioned militia. The Nauvoo Legion survived the loss of its commanding officer, Joseph Smith, when Brigham Young automatically assumed command as the new church president in August 1844, though he had never previously been active in Legion activities because Young was in England on a proselytizing mission for several years and only returned home to Nauvoo when hearing of the prophet's death to assist the family and church and citizens of Nauvoo during that sad tragedy (citation needed). The Nauvoo Legion was permanently disbanded in 1887. Tanner Trust Fund, University of Utah Library, 1980 found online at: Learn how and when to remove this template message, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, https://collections.lib.utah.edu/details?id=328944, http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/BYUIBooks/id/3168, "Uniforms and Equipment of the Black Hawk War and the Mormon War", "Nauvoo Legion, 1840–1845 — A Unique Military Organization", "Series 2210: Territorial Militia Records, 1849–1877, 1905–[ca.1917]", List of Reorganized Restorationist churches, Church of Jesus Christ (Bickertonite) history, Doctrine and Covenants (Book of Commandments), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nauvoo_Legion&oldid=1000193416, History of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Military units and formations established in 1840, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Utah, Articles lacking in-text citations from May 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2015, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2012, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Protect Mormon settlers from domestic and foreign enemies, This page was last edited on 14 January 2021, at 01:45. Then came the 2nd cohort (foot troops). The veterans who fired the salute were under the command of Captain George Tall. However, on June 27, 1844, the Carthage Greys were vastly outnumbered by the mob surrounding the jail, and did not intervene in the ensuing assassination. To their surprise, the afternoon house were filled with the dedication of three more temple cornerstones. The LDS Church was incorporated and a militia, based on the Nauvoo Legion, was formed. Local commanders and members of the Iron County, Utah Territorial Militia, overcome with suspicion and war hysteria, perpetrated the Mountain Meadows Massacre against a group of wagon trains travelling from Arkansas to California in September. Few Legionnaires at this, their last parade, walked with heads held high and even fewer recalled the boastful days when Hosea Stout’s poem of greatness applied: They’ll find that Illinois firm in her place will stand. In 2001 three Spanish guns were identified in the LDS Church storage facility in Salt Lake City. In 1894, the former Utah Territorial Militia was reactivated and officially designated the Utah National Guard. After General Smith inspected the military formation, nodding his approval, he ordered the Legionnaires to advance to the temple grounds. I was worried about walking all that way. An exact description of the Nauvoo Legion flag (1841-1845) is not available. Likely a cavalry guidon of the Utah era version of the Nauvoo Legion. Last Public Address of Lieutenant General Joseph Smith.jpg 624 × 791; 310 KB. April 6, [Tuesday] 1841 – At an early hour the several companies comprising the “Nauvoo Legion,” with two volunteer companies for Iowa Territory, making sixteen companies in all, assembled at their several places of rendezvous, and were conducted in due order to the ground assigned for general review.1. Flag. Those representing the Nauvoo Legion led the parade and did the flag raising. The final amen marked the close of the day’s events. Legion survival after death of Joseph Smith. It also touches a corner of New Mexico in the southeast. As the band played, flags topped with brass-colored eagles were held aloft. "Legion of Nauvoo, " Journal History of the Church, Copyright ©2021 The Joseph Smith Jr and Emma Hale Smith Historical Society, © Joseph Smith Jr and Emma Hale Smith Historical Society 2021, Short Biographies of Joseph, Emma, and their family, Emma Smith, My Story Removes False Traditions, 10 Things You Most Likely Didn't Know About Emma Smith - Called to Share, Children of Joseph Smith and Emma Smith History. The flag was respectfully received and the occasion hailed by more cannon fire. At its peak, it is said to have numbered 5,000 men, the largest such body in Illinois. At its peak, the militia had, by conservative estimates, at least 2,500 troops, in comparison to the approximately 8,500 troops within the entire United States Army as of 1845. Flag this item for. General Smith announced that Sidney Rigdon, a member of the First Presidency of the Church, would speak to the assembled audience. Most participants wore pioneer clothing and walked the one-mile route; others rode in horse-drawn wagons. This legion was called upon in 1849 to subdue marauding Indians, and its members served in the so-called Walker War of 1853-1854, named after Wakara, a Ute chieftain. At the Legion parade, Brigham Young wore the uniform of the late Lieutenant General Joseph Smith. Salt Lake City Utah USA Museum of Church History Nauvoo Legion Flag - Territorial Flag & United States Flag Wagon illustration, Happy Pioneer Day text. This military force was a militia similar to the Illinois State Militia, and it became known as the "Nauvoo Legion". General Smith led the military procession. Legionnaires made a credible and soldier-like appearance with but on notable flaw. But none question that the Nauvoo Legion had shown its applauding visitors that May day in Nauvoo that it had grown into a veritable army, ten times the size of the 9th Regiment of Hancock County. On December 16 the governor signed it into law, granting Smith and the city of Nauvoo broad powers. In 1847, Mormon leader Brigham Young reformed the Nauvoo Legion into a fully functional paramilitary force, which was organized into sub-units for each of the Utah counties as the Deseret Territorial Militia akin to their contemporaries the Army of the Republic of Texas and the Texas Rangers.[4]. [2] The Legion was organized into two regiments (called cohorts) of infantry and one regiment of cavalry. General Smith pronounced a benediction on the stone:  “This principal corner stone in representation of the First Presidency, is now duly laid in honor of the Great God.”  Rigdon added, “May the persons employed in the erection of this house be preserved from all harm while engaged in its construction.”6  The assembled were then invited to adjourn for an hour as Legion officers scurried to make ready the afternoon events. “General Bennett next requested me to take my station in the rear of the cavalry, without my staff, during the engagement; but this was counteracted by Captain A. P. Rockwood, commander of my life guards, who kept close to my side,” wrote Smith. I decide to try I asked God to bless me. The original Nauvoo Legion may have used the flag. Dieses Portal bietet mit 152.057 Artikeln einen Einstieg in den Themenbereich Militär in der deutschsprachigen Wikipedia. Nauvoo Legion lined up first- then flag carriers me. A few light cannons were also attached. The Legion flag of the 1850s had thirteen stars and stripes, symbolic of the United States flag. None of the colorful banners garnered the surprise element as did the flag carried by the Legion Band. Nine days later, on June 27, he was murdered in Carthage, Illinois. NauvooLegion.jpg 470 × 364; 73 KB. There are however some reported incidents in diaries of Saints concerning gunfire exchange between legion members and mobs during the Nauvoo era (citation needed). Twenty or so men including Mark were the Nauvoo Legion and marched with guns and ammo sacks (all pretend) at the head of the crowd. This flag was saluted with canon fire and than accompanied the Nauvoo legion as it made its solemn sacred march up mauholland street to the laying ceremony. Following these flag bearers came other people walking—many families—and some participants riding in horse-drawn buggies and wagons. The soil deed started a fast pace . Nauvoo was officially abandoned and the last remaining citizens had vacated Nauvoo by September 17, 1846, under gunfire and cannon artillery barrage as Illinois and Missouri militia and mobs raided and burned Nauvoo to the ground (citation needed). history of the nauvoo legion as it existed in utah but little material in that work pertains directly to this study it is hoped therefore that this thesis will be a worthwhile contribution to ones increased understanding and appreciation of a memorable institution in the mormon past the nauvoo legion 2 aval1 labie ng appa Arestlyreutly ln i COU-AC sl a histonical. But there were problems. Hartvigsen thinks it is even possible that the flag may have even been used earlier during the Missouri persecutions. We were encouraged to wear costumes. Sister McCleod walked by me. The iron Spanish 2 and 6 pound cannons remain in storage in Salt Lake City. Gen. Joseph Smith, no date, original 1888. The Nauvoo Legion was a state-authorized militia of the city of Nauvoo, Illinois, United States. Joseph Smith himself was Nauvoo's second mayor, and the Nauvoo court martial also appointed him as highest-ranking officer of the Legion, a Lieutenant General. At this point, events of the day turned from military to religious. The Legion was followed by flag bearers from different countries of those that migrated here to join the church. 12, April 15, 1841. The Legion’s main purpose, according to JS, was to protect the city from mobs and enforce city ordinances and state laws. Not long after the arrival of the Mormons in Iowa, in 1846, Mormon legionnaires volunteered to serve in the 500 man Mormon Battalion for the U.S. government military expedition to Mexican California during the Mexican–American War. Federal troops dispatched in response to the 1870 Ghost Dance ensured Shaffer's order was enforced. Diary of Brigham Young, 1857. From June 27 to July 7, 1844, Legionnaires daily drilled, exercised, and paraded as if their very lives and that of their loved ones depended upon their military skills. I prayed to God to help me bless my steps. Although Legionnaires sorely grieved his death, they did not end their parading. On September 27, 1844, a visitor to Nauvoo, Thomas Ford, governor of Illinois, was handed the following invitation: “Sir:  The review of the Nauvoo Legion will take place this day (September 28) at twelve p.m., at which time the commander-in-chief, with his staff, is respectfully solicited to accept an escort from the Legion and be present at the review.”17  The surprised governor accepted. This flag was saluted with canon fire and than accompanied the Nauvoo legion as it made its solemn sacred march up mauholland street to … All three Spanish cannons, which were brought to Salt Lake City on pallets, were mounted on carriages copied from the mountain howitzer carriage, probably in preparation for the Mormon defense against Johnston's army in 1857. General Joseph Smith : Posted by Bedard Fine Arts at 10:42 AM No comments: Sunday, January 25, 2015. In their wake marched military musicians under the apt baton of Captain Edward P. Duzette. It was the signal eye, symbolic of the all-seeing eye of God that led onlookers to wonder aloud about the direction and purpose of the militia on parade. Personal arms were also used. With growing antagonism from surrounding settlements it came to have as its main function the defense of Nauvoo, and surrounding Latter Day Saint areas of settlement. Supposedly, this was to elevate the social status and official standing of some members of the city. GA 2012- in process. My marching picked up. A 6-pound iron cannon, probably the other battalion cannon and a smaller, but similar, 2 pound cannon were in the warehouse. Next came the walkers, with some dressed in 1840s clothing. Mark walked for 2 of his great grandfathers but also walked for Truman O. Angell who was part of the Nauvoo Legion and one of my relatives. To them, the Legion of Nauvoo had become a militia force to be feared. The Nauvoo Legion never gathered again, and the 1887 Edmunds-Tucker Act permanently disbanded it. Where an answer to prayer began ! In Utah, the Deseret Militia and Utah Territorial Militia used the official name of the Nauvoo Legion. The provenance of the 2 pounder is currently unknown. The bronze 4 pounder was found to have the crest of King Carlos 3 of Spain. He urged Legion members to not take any action when the Illinois governor ordered the arrests of the Smith brothers, for violating state statutes and by not receiving Available in a range of colours and styles for men, women, and everyone. Beschreibung Nauvoo Legion Cavalry Guidon (Probable).svg English: An illustration based on a swallowtail flag owned by the Museum of Church History and Art, now known as the Church History Museum. General Smith took special notice of the imposing display of spears, lances, and bayonets. Times and Seasons, 1839-1846 [Nauvoo, Illinois] 2, no. CHL. Graphic Violence ; Graphic Sexual Content ; texts. At 10:00am Major General Bennett made a grand entrance to his brightly colored uniform with plumb atop a chapeau. The legislature initially formed six counties, which covered only inhabited valleys. It was held in conjunction with the 11th anniversary of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The waving Legion flags,4 the state flag of Illinois, and the famed red, white, and blue of the United States produced the desired effect – patriotic pride. At this Independence Day celebration, Joseph Smith spoke of patriotism and revealed, “I would ask no greater boon, than to lay down my life for my country.”  After his speech, ranking officers adjourned to the temple site, where a sumptuous feast was served for their enjoyment. Four Presidents served under its banner - Martin Van Buren (1837-1841), William Henry Harrison (1841), John Tyler (1841-1845), and James Polk (1845-1849). These were thought at that time to have come from Sutter's purchase of the Russian Fort Ross and to have been either Russian or French cannons. The Legion flag of the 1850s had thirteen stars and stripes, symbolic of the United States flag. Today the mountain howitzer is on display in the Fort Douglas museum in Salt Lake City. Rigdon spoke of the significance of laying cornerstones for a House of the Lord. Distinguished guests stood between the soldiers. Tradition says this flag was carried by the Mormon Battalion when it was in California in 1846-47, and in fact, the Bear was added to the flag while the Mormon troops were in California under the command of Lt. Col. Philip St. George Cooke. 1. This rank is one step above Major General, which most contemporary militias employed as their commanding rank. by authority by Nauvoo Legion (Ill.) . Men portraying the Nauvoo Legion fell into line, and behind them flag bearers carried flags from the home countries of those who settled in Nauvoo. Hoping to keep their fears at bay, General Smith ordered all pomp, ceremony, and sham battles replaced with small company drills, company inspections, and company parades. The Mormon Battalion Flag might be one of the oldest "California" Bear flags in existence. 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