SMO occurred in 587 women with HDP: 298 maternal near-misses and 289 maternal deaths. Background: BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. Maternal mortality ratios (MMR) were computed using the Poisson assumption to derive confidence intervals around the … The study establishes that respondents in age group 15-19 years are 1.234 times more likely to experience complications when compared with the reference category 20-24 years. The Maternal Mortality Ratio in Nigeria has steadily declined over the past 25 years. Nigeria has a maternal mortality ratio of about 814 per 100,000 live births as at 2015 [3]. Share. The issue of maternal mortality in the developing world is still a major concern for health planners and policymakers. It was 54 percent of total births. This study presents the magnitude and distribution of causes of maternal deaths at the beginning of the 21st century in a Nigerian referral hospital and derives recommendations to reduce its frequency. The national maternal mortality ratio has remained elevated despite efforts to reduce maternal deaths. There were 75 maternal deaths, 2509 live births and 2728 deliveries during the study period. The fact that most deaths occurred within 24 h of admission suggests that many of the patients delayed reaching the referring center for a variety of reasons. The etiology of maternal mortality can be categorized as medical, socio‐economic, cultural, behavioral, and political causes. Prevention of maternal death in a Nigerian village. The median diagnosis-definitive intervention interval was over 4 hours in a quarter of women who died from HDP. The neonatal mortality rate was calculated at 46/1,000 live births. Cardiac disease is the most common cause of indirect death. The commonest cause of maternal death was sepsis (25.8%), followed by obstetric hemorrhage (23.7%). Others causes include septicaemia, ruptured uterus, and complications of unsafe abortions (each accounting for 5.7% of causes). If this trend is not reversed, Nigeria may not be able to achieve the millennium developmental goal number 5 (MDG 5). mote the utilization of available health facilities by pregnant women. There is a need to provide basic infrastructure, formulate policies, and implement them, to reduce female MLD, which a significant number of them are preventable. Maternal mortality declined by 38 per cent between 2000 and 2017 Maternal mortality refers to deaths due to complications from pregnancy or childbirth. All facilities had emergency obstetric services. Women admitted for pregnancy, childbirth or puerperal complications. RTA was the most common cause of accidental deaths (n = 105; 86%). Although the country failed to achieve the Millennium Development Goals […] Maternal mortality is a major health problem, especially in Nigeria, where accurate autopsy-based data on the prevalent causes are not readily available. Northeast has the highest maternal mortality rate, compared to other regions, with 1,549 deaths per 100,000 live births. As UNICEF states, Nigeria loses 145 women to maternal mortality each day. As UNICEF states, Nigeria loses 145 women to maternal mortality each day. people (per 100 000 population) 1200 560. Trial registration A little attention is paid to the main factors. In 2008, Nigeria bore 14% of the global burden of maternal mortality. Unsafe abortion is a common cause of maternal mortality in Nigeria. Causes of Maternal Mortality in Nigeria 1. National ID: FG announces final deadline for NIN registration, blocking of SIM c... Little baby laughs hard as mum tries to twerk for the gram (video), Emotional moment Trump's children break down in tears as their father says goodbye to presidency, Nigerian lady who fries yellow garri for a living showcases her work (photos), Bored? Incidence of SMO, health service events, case fatality rate, and mortality index (% of maternal death/SMO). These factors had the highest risk causing maternal death during pregnancy and childbirth. The MMR was 1,709 in 2003, reducing to 1,115 in 2012. This paper is to present the causes of maternal mortality that had postmortem done in our center. In 2000 the maternal mortality ratio in Nigeria was 800 per 100 000 live births. factors limiting the utilization of maternal healthcare services Journal of the Nigeria Medical Association. Funding: This systematic review was done keeping in view the high maternal mortality rates in Nigeria, to identify the major direct and indirect causes and thus enable us to understand the gaps between what is and what ought to be. MMR-Maternal Mortality Rate is the number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births due to pregnancy and childbirth. (per 100 000 population) Deaths due to tuberculosis among HIV-negative. One fifth of deliveries received help from a traditional midwife. ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any citations for this publication. (2003). Three elements stand out in Nigeria as contributing to maternal mortality: delays in Caesarean section, unavailability of magnesium sulphate and lack of safe blood transfusion services. The most common pattern of RTA was a vehicle knocking down a pedestrian as seen in 45 cases (42.9%). Must Read. This is a 10-year retrospective study of all maternal deaths seen in our center from January 01, 2005 to December 31, 2014. Jigawa State has an extremely high maternal mortality ratio underscoring the urgent need for health systems improvement and interventions to accelerate reductions in MMR. In fact, Africa has the highest maternal mortality rate in the world and Nigeria is one of the countries with the highest rate in the region. Community education on the importance of having skilled attendants at delivery must be provided. This is to say that there was a 24.86% reduction over 10 years, hence, in 15 years, the reduction should be 37%. Reduction in maternal deaths by 75% in 2015 is a cardinal target of the millennium development goals.1–3 However, with less than six years to go until 2015, the year for realization of a two-thirds reduction in maternal mortality, Nigeria’s maternal mortality figures remain unacceptably high, as in other countries in the developing world, even though the causes are mostly preventable. From October 2010 to May 2011, demographic data, obstetric characteristics, and outcome were collected from all pregnant women admitted. Two hundred and sixty-six women were admitted presenting with stillbirth. At the middle of the first decade of the new millennium, a large number of pregnant women receiving care in this centre continue to die from preventable causes of maternal death. Preeclampsia/eclampsia (n = 9; 31%) followed by postpartum hemorrhage (n = 8; 27.6%) were the leading causes of maternal deaths. Improving birth outcomes: meeting the challenge in the developing world. The impact of unsafe abortion on maternal mortality is underappreciated because of the clandestine nature of the practice. Results The maternal mortality rate (MMR), the number of women who die during pregnancy and child birth per 100,000 live births, in the African Region is the highest in the world. Direct and indirect causes of maternal mortality as identified in the articles included in the review, All content in this area was uploaded by Saima Tasneem on Mar 02, 2020, All content in this area was uploaded by Saima Tasneem on Dec 30, 2019. Nigeria’s maternal mortality rate worst in the world — Ehanire. Culture, religion and customs that prevent access to care contribute immensely to these deaths. Every day, about 800 women die because of complications which are connected with pregnancy or childbirth. Reducing unbooked emergencies should be a priority with continuous programs including orthodox practices in order to meet the fifth Millennium Development Goal. Between 2006 and 2015, the rate declined by 76 percent. This is a 10-year retrospective study of all maternal deaths seen in our center from January 01, 2005 to December 31, 2014. Medically reviewed by. Causes of maternal mortality include postpartum hemorrhage, eclampsia, obstructed labor, sepsis, unsafe abortion, ectopic pregnancy, embolism etc. Maternal mortality fact sheet. Maternal mortality refers to the rate of women who lose their life during pregnancy or while giving birth. We had access to pertained data of 896 cases (95.2%) for review in our study. For example, in the year 2000, the country with the highest estimated number of maternal mortality was India. The mean age at the time of death was 27.9±7.5 years. Conclusion: There was a decline in MMR during the period of study. Nigeria is one of the countries with the highest maternal mortality rates in the world, with the country accounting for about 20 per cent of global maternal deaths. There are 17 percent of births that happen without any help. A total of 331 female medicolegal autopsies were performed, accounting for 21.8% of all cases. Preventive measures should focus on this delay, which is usually beyond the reach of the hospital. A total of 84 cases of maternal deaths were used for the study. There are few papers on autopsy based causes of maternal mortality. The annual average growth rate of maternal mortality for this period was 1.48%. Three elements stand out in Nigeria as contributing to maternal mortality: delays in Caesarean section, unavailability of magnesium sulphate and lack of safe blood transfusion services. Overall, eclampsia was the leading cause of deaths singly accounting for 24.0% of all maternal deaths. Autopsy records are taken from the death register and other information were extracted from the postmortem reports. Others may exist before pregnancy but worsen during pregnancy. The major direct causes of maternal mortality are abortion and prolonged labor/obstructed labor while the major indirect causes of death are malaria and anemia. Nigeria maternal mortality rate for 2017 was 917.00, a 0.86% decline from 2016. Maternal mortality is extremely high in Nigeria. The trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01487707). Maternal mortality is the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and the site of the pregnancy. Of the direct causes of maternal death, obstetric hemorrhage (43.3%) was the leading cause, with postpartum hemorrhage accounting for most (65.0%) of such deaths; other causes included complications of unsafe induced abortion (33.3%) and of labor (11.7%). It accounts for more cases and deaths than any other country in … carried out in two tertiary and two secondary healthcare institutions in Ebonyi state, Southeastern Nigeria over the 3-year period January 2003 to December 2005. To address the high maternal mortality rates, Minister of Health, Professor Isaac Adewole in July 2017 inaugurated a 34-member Task Force to accelerate reduction of maternal mortality in Nigeria. This study therefore examines the maternal health implications of early marriage on young mothers in the study area. Analyses were performed for differences in proportions using PEPI computer programs for epidemiologists (P is significant at <0.05). Maternal mortality is the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and the site of the pregnancy. Almost all of these deaths happen in low-income region. The data are estimated with a regression model using information on the proportion of maternal deaths among non-AIDS deaths in women ages 15-49, fertility, birth attendants, and GDP. The main primary causes of neonatal deaths were prematurity (44%) and birth asphyxia (22%). The major sources of information reviewed in this study were the autopsy registers and autopsy reports of the police clinic, Benin City, Edo, Maternal mortality is increasing despite all global efforts to reverse the trend. At this rate, it will take this health facility 30 years, instead of 15 years, to achieve a 75% reduction in maternal mortality. This was a 10-year retrospective study, conducted between January 1, 2003 and December 31, 2012 at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Southeast Nigeria. The case notes of all cases of maternal deaths from January 2007 to December 2011 were retrieved and relevant data obtained and analyzed. This paper is to present the causes of maternal mortality, Background: National Academies Press. The overall rate of maternal mortality in Nigeria was 22 in 2015. We recommend that thorough cardiovascular management should be instituted during antenatal care, and the government should focus more on an emergency response such as availability of adequate blood and blood products in the hospitals. We presented the distribution and causes of maternal mortality in Islamic Republic of Iran. Multistage sampling technique was employed to obtained data from 200 young mothers aged 15-24 years who married before aged 16 years. Conclusion: Context: Japan's maternal mortality rate is higher than that of other developed countries. Maternal and neonatal mortality remains unacceptably high in this setting. Thirty three folders (33) folders were retrieved and 28 had complete information for analysis. Nigeria is one of the countries with the highest maternal mortality rates in the world, with the country accounting for about 20 per cent of global maternal deaths. For PE and E, case fatality rates were 1.9 and 10.4%, respectively, although both conditions had a similar mortality index of 49.3%. Age group of 30-39 years accounted for 22.1% (n = 73) of cases, closely followed by the age group of 20-29 years, which accounted for 20.5% (n = 68) of cases. Maternal death was more likely to follow operative deliveries than non-operative deliveries (27/545 vs 22/2161; OR: 5.07; 95% CI: 2.77-9.31). Eclampsia is the leading cause of maternal death in Nigerian hospitals. (SMO: maternal near-miss or maternal death) due to HDP were prospectively identified using the WHO criteria over a 1-year period. They can be prevented. To review and document the MMR. Learn about our editorial process. The quality and level of organization of modern obstetrical institution's work are used to determine this rate. VK. Materials and methods: There were 2,177 deliveries and 39 maternal deaths during the study period, with a maternal mortality ratio of 1,791/100,000 live births. Former US president caught sleeping during Joe Biden's inauguration (photo), Super Eagles legend who built hospital for his people seen 'flogging' top Nollywood actor in a contest (video), Nigerian lady says man pays for only his food, shuns her after she brought 2 friends to their date (see reactions), Video of Davido and Kiddwaya in swimming contest at Ned Nwoko's mansion, Tension as former Super Eagles and Barcelona star accuses Nigerian judge of doing this to him. The age, parity, literacy level, booking status, causes of maternal deaths, were analysed. Conclusions: A ‘best-fit’ framework approach was used to extract data using a structured data extraction form. It happens, especially, if they are not under observation. This was a retrospective study of all maternal deaths recorded at the Federal Medical Centre Yola (FMCY). The average of women affected was 22. The main causes of the reported high mortality ratio in northern Nigeria are haemorrhage, eclampsia, sepsis and unsafe abortion, while the indirect causes include hepatitis, anaesthetic complications, HIV/AIDS-related deaths and acute renal failure. Medical Factors that Cause Maternal Deaths. Initially registered on December 6, 2011. National Academies Press. Its highest value over the past 17 years was 67,000 in 2017, while its lowest value was 62,000 in 2007. An overall maternal mortality rate of 3.8/1000 total births were recorded for 1972 and 1973 respectively. The biggest is the failure of medical practitioners to notice the early warning signs. To reduce maternal deaths from HDP, health system strengthening that would engender early hospital presentation and prompt treatment is recommended. The major direct causes of maternal mortality in this study were: pre-eclampsia/eclampsia (27%), hemorrhage (22%), and sepsis (12%). demographic characteristic were identified by using medical registries, death certificates, and relevant codes according to International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9) during pregnancy, labor, and 42 days after parturition. Sixty-three (84.0%) of the deaths were direct maternal deaths while 12 (16.0%) were indirect maternal deaths. This high level of maternal mortality is also linked to Nigeria’s high rate of deaths for children under 5—newborns account for a quarter of the under-five deaths which occur in the country. Maternal mortality has been determined unequally at different times and different regions. Most (14/28; 50%) deaths occurred within 24 h of admission. The Trends in Maternal Mortality 2000-2017 report is a joint effort by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and the United Nations Population Division. Major risk factors include grand multiparity, maternal age of > or =35 years, low socioeconomic status (SES), and unscheduled emergencies. More than half of these cases happen in sub-Saharan Africa. 3. 4.7 percent of the total birth while maternal mortality ratio is 545 per respondents had a tertiary education. Major causes of deaths were hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (28.0%), haemorrhage (21.3%) and sepsis (20.0%). There are few papers on autopsy based causes of maternal mortality. To assess the level of job satisfaction in Tertiary healthcare hospital employees, determine the association between socio-demographic characteristics & job satisfaction and how it influences the p, Understand the pattern of utilization of available healthcare services by expectant mothers Besides, most of them can be prevented. Trends in Maternal Mortality… We really want to believe that soon it will become minimal. We searched for maternal death reviews and obstetric care audits reported in the published literature from 2000–2014. Eclampsia, pre-eclampsia, and hemorrhage were reported to be the most common direct causes of maternal mortality, all of which are preventable by simple maneuvers like regular antenatal checkups, early detection, presence of trained birth attendants to assist with the delivery, easy access to health facilities, etc. The six leading or major or direct causes of maternal mortality in Ogun State are shown in Fig. The annual average change in the maternal mortality estimate during this period was - 6.91%. And in 2015, mortality ratio for Nigeria was 814 deaths per 100,000 live births. This is a sad reminder that, unless things are better organized, Southeast Nigeria, which Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH) represents, may not join other parts of the world in attaining Millennium Development Goal 5 to improve maternal health in 2015. The indirect maternal mortality rate has not changed significantly since 2003; it is 6.11 per 100,000 maternities. Maternal Mortality Trend in South East Nigeria: Less Than a Decade to the Millennium Developmental G... Maternal Mortality Ratio and Causes of Death in IRI Between 2009 and 2012. Postpartum hemorrhage was the most common cause of death followed by eclampsia. Most maternal deaths 98/328 (29.9%) were seen in the age group 26-30 years which was followed by 31-35 years (24.7%). Lack of antenatal care and place of residence further than 5 km from the hospital were associated with maternal death. Background While some of the occurrences are predicted during routine prenatal care, most occur spontaneously without warning signs. Design: August 25, 2020. The high maternal mortality rate in Nigeria can be attributed to several causes which range from direct medical causes to indirect causes like taboos, inefficient infrastructure and other social and cultural factors. Four types of barriers were reported related to: transport and referral; health workers; availability of services; and organisational factors. Forty-two tertiary hospitals. Banditry, insurgency hinder pregnant women from ante-natal services. Pinterest. Results: The majority (93%) of the women with SMO due to HDP were admitted in a critical condition. A retrospective observational study was performed in a 41-bed obstetric ward. Medical factors include direct obstetric deaths, indirect obstetric... 2. Maternal mortality ratio is the number of women who die from pregnancy-related causes while pregnant or within 42 days of pregnancy termination per 100,000 live births. It is apparent through the elevated mortality rates that the lack of access to or use of quality delivery services is an issue of immense importance in Nigeria. 2 years ago read comments by Evelyn Bankole. Also, a lot of these women do not ask for help in hospitals. Obstetric matters of maternal death are often documented in this country. International Journal of Health Management and Tourism, High maternal mortality in Jigawa State, Northern Nigeria estimated using the sisterhood method, Maternal death and obstetric care audits in Nigeria: A systematic review of barriers and enabling factors in the provision of emergency care, Autopsy-certified maternal mortality at Ile-Ife, Nigeria, Maternal Mortality at Federal Medical Centre Yola, Adamawa State: A Five-Year Review, High maternal and neonatal mortality rates in northern Nigeria: An 8-month observational study, Maternal Mortality at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Southeast Nigeria: a 10-year review (2003–2012), Maternal deaths in Sagamu in the new millenium: A facility-based retrospective analysis, Child marriage and maternal health risks among young mothers in Gombi, Adamawa State, Nigeria: implications for mortality, entitlements and freedoms, A 10 years autopsy-based study of maternal mortality in Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria, assessment of job satisfaction in healthcare workers, job satisfaction, healthcare workers, Pakistan, Utilization of maternal healthcare services in district Sargodha, Pakistan. A crucial way to provide quality healthcare and save the lives of mothers and babies are: Today the problem of maternal mortality in Nigeria remains unresolved. About 2,300 children under the age of five die each day and these could have been prevented had they received essential interventions. Main outcome measures: Key demographic indicators for Nigeria: Under-Five Mortality Rate, Population. The aim of this study was therefore to accurately determine the causes of maternal death as seen in a tertiary health facility in Nigeria. Almost all (99%) of maternal deaths occur in developing countries, and 68% occur in Sub-Saharan Africa alone. Severe bleeding (mainly postpartum hemorrhage); stronger healthcare systems, which rely on effective facilities. Autopsy records are taken from the death register and other information were extracted from the postmortem reports. In 5 (71.4%) cases, hanging was the method of choice for suicide. The mean age of cases was 40.11 ± 20.25. The ratio increased from 756.8 in 2003 to 897.6 in 2004 and then to 1052.2 in 2005. The MMR as well as the causes of maternal death varied among institutions. All rights reserved. Daily Trust, in this report, examines some of the factors responsible for this ugly trend. Results: During 3 years, there were 5094317 deliveries and 941 maternal deaths (MMR of 18.5 per 1000000 live births). Maternal mortality is inexcusably high in the country. Nigeria has one of the highest rates of maternal mortality in the world, and HDP remains a focal point of study as a major cause of maternal and perinatal mortality [7]. Facebook. Huge maternal mortality reflects injustice in access to medical and sanitary services in some countries. Infant mortality rate in Nigeria, causes and prevention. Age at first marriage, current age, level of education and household decision-making significantly influence (P<0.005) maternal health risks in the study area. The study reveals that more than 60% had only primary education while more than 70% had experienced complications before or after childbirth. All cases of severe maternal outcome. Almost all accidents of maternal death appear in evolving countries. Infant mortality in Nigeria is still a big problem. Data were presented in tables and percentages, using SPSS version 16(Chicago, USA 2006). The data used for this study were obtained from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin. mortality. The leading causes of death in this study, hemorrhage, cardiovascular disease and eclampsia are highly avoidable and treatable. Preeclampsia/eclampsia and anemia accounted for 12.4% each. METHODS . The MDG 5A does not appear to have been successful in Nigeria. Olu Oduntan S, Odunlami VB. Strategies to end child marriage in the study area should include mass and compulsory education of girls, provision of other options to early marriage and childbearing and involvement of fathers in preventing and ending the practice. The Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) in Nigeria was 560 per 100,000 live births in 2013. The maternal mortality ratio of 2989.2 per 100,000 live births was significantly higher than that reported for 1988-1997 in the same institution. The 7,069 respondents reported 10,957 sisters who reached reproductive age. The aim of this study was to determine the direct and indirect causes of maternal mortality in Lagos State, Nigeria. Ectopic pregnancy, childbirth or puerperal complications second largest contributor in terms of under-five mortality rates in the developing.. 36.0 % of maternal mortality rate is quite high ) and eclampsia highly... But worsen during pregnancy and childbirth ; 32.1 % ) were in the year causes of maternal mortality rate in nigeria the. 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Health personnel/facilities, poverty, early marriage, key factors in 2013 join researchgate to the! Of Iran of RTA was 20-29 years ( n = 23 ; 22 % ) were in the is! For Nigeria was 22 in 2015 to declare for our study Illiteracy and of. Folders were retrieved and relevant data obtained and analyzed attention is paid the! Are few papers on autopsy based causes of maternal mortality rate, compared to other regions with... Cases happen in sub-Saharan Africa, including Nigeria in 2012 is … this site is by... Woman due to causes related to or aggravated by her pregnancy and/or childbirth to obtained data from 200 young in! Remained elevated despite efforts to reduce maternal deaths, respectively 50 causes of maternal mortality rate in nigeria of cases. Is registered at clinicaltrials.gov ( NCT01487707 ) care contribute immensely to these deaths happen in low-income such! Mmr in FMCY is higher than that reported for 1988-1997 in the country with the highest maternal in. 11 full-text articles were reviewed and 43 papers fulfilled the inclusion criteria immensely these... With the highest maternal mortality, yet policymakers have done little to address the problem skilled! 100,000 births ) Error maternal mortality ratio in Nigeria between 2006 and,... 100,000 live births ) University Teaching hospital is the probability per 1,000 that a newborn baby Cardiac disease is failure.

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